complete GCE eml and custom units question
Wade Sheldon
sheldon at uga.edu
Tue Oct 28 09:18:48 PST 2003
Matt,
Thanks -- we arrived at exactly the same conclusion and I already
switched over to that syntax. I was just neglecting the namespace
identifiers which caused the schema validation to fail.
I also finished adding support for custom field delimiters and missing
value codes so I will be able to use this script as a front end
(directly or wrapped as a web service) to data set customization apps.
For the immediate future I'm going to generate a stock eml-described
ASCII file with a stable filename (including the data set version info)
for each data set and provide it along with its eml doc from our
standard public data distribution web app (i.e. subject to data release
dates and voluntary registration).
After generating these eml-described files (so the docs point to a real
data table) my next task will be to get more of our study descriptors,
post-processing and software info and QA/QC information into the docs. I
haven't made any changes to our underlying metadata schema or content so
far, but there are several minor holes or awkward element mappings that
I'll address in the future. Off-hand I'd say we've now got about 70-80%
of our metadata content for each data set expressed in eml 2 format,
though, so I'm pretty satisfied with where we are.
--Wade
----- Original Message -----
From: "Matt Jones" <jones at nceas.ucsb.edu>
To: <dblankman at lternet.edu>
Cc: "Wade Sheldon" <sheldon at uga.edu>; <eml-dev at ecoinformatics.org>
Sent: Tuesday, October 28, 2003 11:53 AM
Subject: Re: complete GCE eml and custom units question
> David and Wade,
>
> That's a good idea, but not legal in the EML schema as you described
it.
> Another option would be to put the description right into the unit
> definition by providing an stmml description element. Here's an
example:
>
> <additionalMetadata>
> <stmml:unitList
> xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml"
> xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml
> http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/lter/files/schemas/eml-200/stmml.xsd"
>
> <stmml:unit id="siemensPerMeter" name="siemensPerMeter"
> unitType="conductance" abbreviation="S/m">
> <stmml:description>This is my description...
> </stmml:description>
> </stmml:unit>
> </stmml:unitList>
> </additionalMetadata>
>
> I validated this on the EML parser and it seems to work fine. There
are
> other documentation possibilities in STMML as well, so you might look
at
> stmml.xsd to check those out.
>
> I'll send some more comments when I get a chance to review your EML
> document more closely.
>
> Matt
>
> David Blankman wrote:
> > Wade,
> >
> > I would handle your custom unit descriptions by creating an
additional
> > element so that you could have something like:
> >
> > <additionalMetadata>
> > <customUnit>your custom unit definition <customUnit/>
> > <customUnitDescription>your desciption<customUnitDescription/>
> > <additionalMetadata/>
> >
> > While I haven't tested it, this should work.
> >
> > David
> >
> >
> > Wade Sheldon wrote:
> >
> >> David and Matt,
> >>
> >> Well, I think I have the major issues worked out and managed to
> >> completely map my attribute classification system to eml
> >> measurementScale and units so I can generate more complete eml from
> >> our RDMS (see the attached docs, but ignore the data file url
because
> >> it's just a proxy for testing). I created a match table relating my
> >> datatype (~= storageType), variabletype (~=
> >> measurementScale), numericaltype (~= numberType) and units to eml
> >> equivalents. To deal with the units dictionary I wrote a xslt sheet
to
> >> convert the relevant section of the xml file to tabular format with
1
> >> additional bit field to serve as a custom unit flag, and uploaded
it
> >> to the database. When I need to define a custom unit I add it to
this
> >> units dictionary table (filling in all relevant stmml:units
attribute
> >> fields) with the custom bit set, and then the SQL view generates
> >> appropriate standardUnit/customUnit tags and a suitable stmml:units
> >> fragment to incorporate into the additionalMetadata section
(allowing
> >> me to automate the incorporation of custom unit definitions using a
> >> SELECT DISTINCT approach on a per dataset basis). This was a bit
> >> complex to code but is maintainable, because I didn't have to
change
> >> anything about our current system -- just add eml lookup tables and
1
> >> mapping table (plus a form to manage the assignments).
> >>
> >> Not surprisingly, this process shook out some underlying mistakes
in
> >> my original attribute classifications which I'm going back and
> >> cleaning up. I am also still tweaking datetime info to generate
> >> appropriate precisions for numerical data
> >> component attributes. I'm now setting up the code to
> >> dynamically produce eml-described datasets with user-definable
> >> delimiters, missing value codes and Q/C flag options. I hope to
have
> >> that up very soon.
> >>
> >> Now for a brief question: how can I properly include descriptions
> >> along with custom unit definitions in the additionalMetadata
section?
> >> I tried duplicating the format in the unitsDictionary doc using
> >> stmml:units opening and closing tags with a description element
> >> within, but the docs wouldn't validate until I removed the
description
> >> and converted to the attribute-only empty tag format. This is a
> >> potentially big issue for me, so I'd like to get those descriptions
in.
> >>
> >> Regards,
> >>
> >> Wade Sheldon
> >>
> >>
> >> P.S. If you want to see any other representative docs, just request
> >> provisional eml for any data set in our data catalog and tack on
> >> '&detail=full' to the query string. I plan to maintain support for
> >> varying levels of metadata detail in case it becomes useful
(although
> >> I may change the default from 'basic' to 'full' after I'm satisfied
> >> with the docs).
> >>
> >> _________________
> >>
> >> Wade Sheldon
> >> Management Information Systems Specialist
> >> School of Marine Programs
> >> University of Georgia
> >> Athens, GA 30602-3636
> >> http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/lter/bios/wsheldon.htm
> >>
> >> "I love deadlines. I like the whooshing sound they make as they fly
> >> by." -- Douglas Adams
> >>
>
>>----------------------------------------------------------------------
--
> >>
> >><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
> >><eml:eml packageId="PHY-GCEM-0310c1.1.0" system="gce-lter"
xmlns:ds="eml://ecoinformatics.org/dataset-2.0.0"
xmlns:eml="eml://ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.0.0"
xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="eml://ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.0.0
http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/lter/files/schemas/eml-200/eml.xsd">
> >><dataset>
> >><title>September 2003 bin-averaged CTD profiles for the Georgia
Coastal Ecosystems Altamaha River transect</title>
> >><creator>
> >><individualName>
> >><salutation>Dr.</salutation>
> >><givenName>Daniela</givenName>
> >><surName>Di Iorio</surName>
> >></individualName>
> >><address>
> >><deliveryPoint>Dept. of Marine Sciences</deliveryPoint>
> >><deliveryPoint>University of Georgia</deliveryPoint>
> >><city>Athens</city>
> >><administrativeArea>Georgia</administrativeArea>
> >><postalCode>30602-3636</postalCode>
> >><country>USA</country>
> >></address>
> >><electronicMailAddress>daniela at uga.edu</electronicMailAddress>
>
>><onlineUrl>http://www.marsci.uga.edu/FacultyPages/Daniela/daniela.html
</onlineUrl>
> >></creator>
> >><associatedParty>
> >><individualName>
> >><salutation>Mr.</salutation>
> >><givenName>KiRyong</givenName>
> >><surName>Kang</surName>
> >></individualName>
> >><address>
> >><deliveryPoint>Dept. of Marine Sciences</deliveryPoint>
> >><deliveryPoint>University of Georgia</deliveryPoint>
> >><city>Athens</city>
> >><administrativeArea>Georgia</administrativeArea>
> >><postalCode>30602-3636</postalCode>
> >><country>USA</country>
> >></address>
> >><electronicMailAddress>krkang at uga.edu</electronicMailAddress>
> >><role>co-author</role>
> >></associatedParty>
> >><abstract>
> >><para>Four hydrographic surveys were performed on September 26,
2003, along an east-to-west transect up the Altamaha River in Georgia
(Altamaha River Transect, GCE-AL). Vertical CTD profiles were collected
at 2km intervals from the -4km to 26km upriver along the transect during
various tidal regimes. Conductivity, temperature, pressure and optical
backscatter were measured, and depth, salinity and sigma-t were
calculated for each profile. Data values collected on the upcast were
deleted, and the remaining data were averaged within 0.5m depth bins and
interpolated to produce a smooth profile for contouring. This data set
was collected as part of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER quarterly
hydrographic monitoring program.</para>
> >></abstract>
> >><keywordSet>
> >><keyword>GCE</keyword>
> >><keyword>LTER</keyword>
> >><keyword>Inorganic Fluxes</keyword>
> >><keyword>chlorophyll</keyword>
> >><keyword>conductivity</keyword>
> >><keyword>ctd</keyword>
> >><keyword>pressure</keyword>
> >><keyword>salinity</keyword>
> >><keyword>sigma-t</keyword>
> >><keyword>temperature</keyword>
> >></keywordSet>
> >><intellectualRights>
> >><para>All publications based on this data set must cite the
contributor and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER project, and two copies
of the manuscript must be submitted to the GCE-LTER Information
Management Office.</para>
> >></intellectualRights>
> >><distribution>
> >><online>
>
>><url>http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/lter/asp/db/dataset_details.asp?PH
Y-GCEM-0310c1</url>
> >></online>
> >></distribution>
> >><coverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE-AL -- Altamaha River,
Georgia, USA. Altamaha River transect used for GCE quarterly
hydrographic monitoring surveys. Nominal profiling stations are defined
every 2km from -4km to 40km (relative to station 0km at the line of
demarcation), based on an estimated Thalweg line running up the main
river channel.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.582311</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.237936</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.401403</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.296034</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><temporalCoverage>
> >><singleDateTime>
> >><calendarDate>2003-09-26</calendarDate>
> >></singleDateTime>
> >></temporalCoverage>
> >></coverage>
> >><contact><positionName>GCE-LTER Information Manager</positionName>
> >><address>
> >><deliveryPoint>Dept. of Marine Sciences</deliveryPoint>
> >><deliveryPoint>University of Georgia</deliveryPoint>
> >><city>Athens</city>
> >><administrativeArea>Georgia</administrativeArea>
> >><postalCode>30602-3636</postalCode>
> >><country>USA</country>
> >></address>
> >><electronicMailAddress>gcelter at uga.edu</electronicMailAddress>
> >></contact>
> >><methods>
> >><methodStep>
> >><description>
> >><para>The CTD instrument package was mounted inside an open
stainless steel frame and deployed from the deck of the R/V Savannah
(UNOLS vessel, Skidaway Institute of Oceanography) using a hydrographic
winch fitted with Kevlar(R) line. The CTD was lowered to just below the
water surface and allowed to equilibrate for 45-60 seconds, then lowered
at approximately 1 m/s until the frame touched bottom. Data was
collected via telemetry cables in real time at 2-4 Hz and logged to a
shipboard computer. Data was also logged to the internal CTD datalogger
at 8 Hz and periodically downloaded to a shipboard computer.</para>
> >></description>
> >><instrumentation>SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#250) Conductivity Sensor;
manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (model: 4C 6800m); parameter:
conductivity (accuracy: 0.0003 S/m, readability: 0.00004 S/m, range: 0
to 7 S/m); last calibration: Sep 11, 2001</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#250) Fluorometer;
manufacturer: WETLabs (model: WETStar); parameter: chlorophyll-a
fluorescence (range: 0.03-150 µg/L); last calibration: Sep 21,
2001</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#250) Optical Back Scatter
Sensor; manufacturer: D&A Instruments (model: OBS-3); parameter:
optical backscatter (turbidity) (range: 1-3000 mg/L sediment, 1-1500
NTU)</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#250) Oxygen Sensor;
manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics (model: SBE 43); parameter: oxygen
concentration (accuracy: 2% of saturation, range: 0-120% of surface
saturation); last calibration: Sep 25, 2001</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#250) PAR Sensor;
manufacturer: Li-Cor (model: LI-193SA); parameter: PAR; last
calibration: Sep 26, 2001</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#250) Pressure Sensor;
manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (model: SBE 29 (PAINE
211-75-710-03)); parameter: pressure (accuracy: 0.25%, range: 0-1000
psia); last calibration: Sep 07, 2001</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>SBE 25 Sealogger CTD (#250) Temperature Sensor;
manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (model: 3F 6800m); parameter:
temperature (accuracy: +/-0.001°C, range: -5.0°C to +35°C); last
calibration: Sep 08, 2001</instrumentation>
> >></methodStep>
> >><methodStep>
> >><description>
> >><para>The CTD instrument package was deployed from the deck of the
R/V Salty Dawg (University of Georgia Marine Institute) using a hand
winch fitted with Kevlar(R) line. The CTD was lowered to just below the
water surface and allowed to equilibrate for 45-60 seconds, then lowered
at approximately 0.25-0.5m/s to within 1m of the bottom. Data was stored
using an internal data logger, and uploaded to a shipboard computer at
the end of each transect.</para>
> >></description>
> >><instrumentation>SEACAT SBE 19 CTD (#1234) Conductivity Sensor;
manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (model: SBE 19-03); parameter:
conductivity (range: standard seawater); last calibration: Apr 07,
1993</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>SEACAT SBE 19 CTD (#1234) PAR Sensor; manufacturer:
Li-Cor (model: LI-193SA); parameter: PAR; last calibration: Jun 15,
1993</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>SEACAT SBE 19 CTD (#1234) Pressure Sensor;
manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (model: PAINE 211-75-710-01);
parameter: pressure (accuracy: 0.15%, range: 0-300 psia); last
calibration: Apr 13, 1993</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>SEACAT SBE 19 CTD (#1234) Temperature Sensor;
manufacturer: Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (model: SBE 19-03); parameter:
temperature (range: -5.0 to +35.0°C); last calibration: Apr 07,
1993</instrumentation>
> >></methodStep>
> >><methodStep>
> >><description>
> >><para>Raw profile data were processed using Sea-Bird Electronics
DATACNV program (www.seabird.com) to convert instrument readings to
calibrated data and to calculate derived parameters (i.e. depth from
pressure; salinity, density and sigma-t from conductivity, temperature
and pressure; oxygen saturation from dissolved oxygen). The data then
underwent a quality control process, which included removal of the
soaking time period, removal of decreasing pressure during the profile
due to ship and wave motion, removal of the upcast information (i.e.
data after the instrument has hit bottom), removal of spikes in any of
the parameters, application of flow-through time delays for the oxygen
(0.5 s) and fluormeter (3.75 s) sensors, calculation of PAR depth to
account for the physical separation between the PAR and pressure sensors
(~0.75m). The quality control operations were performed using custom
Matlab pro
> >>grams developed by D. DiIorio and K. Kang.</para>
> >></description>
> >></methodStep>
> >><methodStep>
> >><description>
> >><para>After post-processing, a subset of profile parameters (depth,
temperature, conductivity, salinity, density, sigma-t, suspended
particulates) were averaged over 0.5 m depth bins starting at 0.25m
below the surface. The fast sampling of the CTD (8Hz) together with the
profile speed (~1m/s) resulted in approximately 5 samples in this
average. Linear interpolation was then carried out using custom Matlab
programs developed by D. DiIorio and K. Kang to produce estimated values
at exact depth increments of 0.5m starting at 1.0m depth below the
surface.</para>
> >></description>
> >></methodStep>
> >></methods>
> >><project><title>Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project</title>
> >><personnel>
> >><individualName>
> >><givenName>Steven</givenName>
> >><givenName>C.</givenName>
> >><surName>Pennings</surName>
> >></individualName>
> >><role>principalInvestigator</role>
> >></personnel>
> >><personnel>
> >><individualName>
> >><givenName>James</givenName>
> >><givenName>T.</givenName>
> >><surName>Hollibaugh</surName>
> >></individualName>
> >><role>principalInvestigator</role>
> >></personnel>
> >><abstract>
> >><para>We propose to establish a Long Term Ecological Research site
on the central Georgia coast in the vicinity of Sapelo Island. This is a
barrier island and marsh complex with the Altamaha River, one of the
largest and least developed rivers on the east coast of the US, as the
primary source of fresh water. The proposed study would investigate the
linkages between local and distant upland areas mediated by water -
surface water and ground water - delivery to the coastal zone. We would
explicitly examine the relationship between variability in environmental
factors driven by river flow, primarily salinity because we can measure
it at high frequency, and ecosystem processes and structure. We will
accomplish this by comparing estuary/marsh complexes separated from the
Altamaha River by one or two lagoonal estuary/marsh complexes that damp
and attenuate the river signal. This spatial gradient is analogous to
the temporal trend in riverine influence expected as a result o
> >>f development in the watershed. We will implement a monitoring
system that documents physical and biological variables and use the time
trends and spatial distributions of these variables and of their
variance structure to address questions about the factors controlling
distributions, trophic structure, diversity, and biogeochemistry. An
existing GIS-based hydrologic model will be modified to incorporate
changes in river water resulting from changes in land use patterns that
can be expected as the watershed develops. This model will be linked to
ecosystem models and will serve as an heuristic and management tool.
Another consequence of coastal development is that as river flow
decreases, groundwater flow increases and becomes nutrified. We will
compare the effects of ground water discharge from the surficial aquifer
in relatively pristine (Sapelo Island) versus more urbanized (mainland)
sites to assess the relative importance of fresh water versus nutrients
to productivity,
> s
> >>tructure and biomass turnover rate in marshes influenced by
groundwater. We will also investigate the effect of marine processes
(tides, storm surge) on mixing across the fresh/salt interface in the
surficial aquifer. Additional physical studies will relate the
morphology of salt marsh - tidal creek channel complexes to tidal
current distributions and exchange. These findings will be incorporated
into a physical model that will be coupled to an existing ecosystem
model. The land/ocean margin ecosystem lies at the interface between two
ecosystems in which distinctly different groups of decomposers control
organic matter degradation. The terrestrial ecosystem is largely
dominated by fungal decomposers, while bacterial decomposers dominate
the marine ecosystem. Both groups are important in salt marsh-dominated
ecosystems. Specific studies will examine, at the level of individual
cells and hyphae, the relationship bacteria and fungi in the consortia
that decompose standing dead
> S
> >>partina and other marsh plants and examine how, or if, this changes
along the salinity gradient.</para>
> >></abstract>
> >><funding>
> >><para>This material is based upon work supported by the National
Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement #OCE-9982133 (May 2000 to
May 2006). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations
expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.</para>
> >></funding>
> >></project>
> >><dataTable>
> >><entityName>PHY-GCEM-0310c1.CSV</entityName>
> >><physical>
> >><objectName>PHY-GCEM-0310c1.CSV</objectName>
> >><size unit="rows">343</size>
> >><characterEncoding>ASCII</characterEncoding>
> >><dataFormat>
> >><textFormat>
> >><numHeaderLines>1</numHeaderLines>
> >><numFooterLines>0</numFooterLines>
> >><recordDelimiter>\t</recordDelimiter>
> >><numPhysicalLinesPerRecord>1</numPhysicalLinesPerRecord>
> >><attributeOrientation>column</attributeOrientation>
> >><simpleDelimited>
> >><fieldDelimiter>\t</fieldDelimiter>
> >></simpleDelimited>
> >></textFormat>
> >></dataFormat>
> >></physical>
> >><attributeList>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Year</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Calendar year</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>integer</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><datetime>
> >><formatString>YYYY</formatString>
> >><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision>
> >><dateTimeDomain/>
> >></datetime>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Month</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Calendar month</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>integer</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><datetime>
> >><formatString>MM</formatString>
> >><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision>
> >><dateTimeDomain>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">1</minimum>
> >><maximum exclusive="false">12</maximum>
> >></bounds>
> >></dateTimeDomain>
> >></datetime>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Day</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Calendar day</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>integer</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><datetime>
> >><formatString>DD</formatString>
> >><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision>
> >><dateTimeDomain>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">1</minimum>
> >><maximum exclusive="false">366</maximum>
> >></bounds>
> >></dateTimeDomain>
> >></datetime>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Hour</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Fractional hours GMT</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><datetime>
> >><formatString>hh</formatString>
> >><dateTimePrecision>1</dateTimePrecision>
> >><dateTimeDomain>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">0</minimum>
> >><maximum exclusive="false">24</maximum>
> >></bounds>
> >></dateTimeDomain>
> >></datetime>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Longitude</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Geographic longitude</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><interval>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>degree</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.00001</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">-180</minimum>
> >><maximum exclusive="false">180</maximum>
> >></bounds>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></interval>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Latitude</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Geographic latitude</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><interval>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>degree</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.00001</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">-90</minimum>
> >><maximum exclusive="false">90</maximum>
> >></bounds>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></interval>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Depth_Total</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Water column depth measured by shipboard
SONAR</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>meter</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.01</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">0</minimum>
> >></bounds>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></ratio>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>RealTime</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Real-time profile data flag (low frequency data
collection rate)</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>integer</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><interval>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>dimensionless</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision> 1</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>integer</numberType>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">0</minimum>
> >><maximum exclusive="false">1</maximum>
> >></bounds>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></interval>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Filename</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>CTD cast filename</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>string</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><nominal>
> >><nonNumericDomain>
> >><textDomain>
> >><definition>CTD cast filename</definition>
> >></textDomain>
> >></nonNumericDomain>
> >></nominal>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>CTD</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>ID number of CTD instrument used for the
cast</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>integer</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ordinal>
> >><nonNumericDomain>
> >><enumeratedDomain>
> >><codeDefinition>
> >><code>250</code>
> >><definition>DiIorio SBE25 CTD</definition>
> >></codeDefinition>
> >><codeDefinition>
> >><code>1234</code>
> >><definition>UGA Marine Sciences SBE19 CTD</definition>
> >></codeDefinition>
> >></enumeratedDomain>
> >></nonNumericDomain>
> >></ordinal>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Station</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>GCE-LTER sampling station</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>string</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><nominal>
> >><nonNumericDomain>
> >><textDomain>
> >><definition>GCE-LTER sampling station</definition>
> >></textDomain>
> >></nonNumericDomain>
> >></nominal>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Survey</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Nominal survey</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>integer</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><nominal>
> >><nonNumericDomain>
> >><textDomain>
> >><definition>Nominal survey</definition>
> >></textDomain>
> >></nonNumericDomain>
> >></nominal>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Cast</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>CTD cast number</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>integer</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><nominal>
> >><nonNumericDomain>
> >><textDomain>
> >><definition>CTD cast number</definition>
> >></textDomain>
> >></nonNumericDomain>
> >></nominal>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Depth</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Water depth at pressure
sensor</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>meter</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.001</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">0</minimum>
> >></bounds>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></ratio>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Temperature</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Water temperature</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>celsius</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.001</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></ratio>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Conductivity</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Conductivity</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><customUnit>siemensPerMeter</customUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.001</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">0</minimum>
> >></bounds>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></ratio>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Salinity</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Salinity</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>dimensionless</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.001</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">0</minimum>
> >></bounds>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></ratio>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Density</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Water density</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>kilogramPerCubicMeter</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.001</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >><bounds>
> >><minimum exclusive="false">0</minimum>
> >></bounds>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></ratio>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Sigma_t</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Sigma-t (i.e. (Water
Density-1)*1000)</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>kilogramPerCubicMeter</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.001</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></ratio>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>OBS</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Optical back-scatter</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><standardUnit>dimensionless</standardUnit>
> >></unit>
> >><precision>0.01</precision>
> >><numericDomain>
> >><numberType>real</numberType>
> >></numericDomain>
> >></ratio>
> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >></attributeList>
> >></dataTable>
> >></dataset>
> >><additionalMetadata>
> >><stmml:unitList xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml
http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/lter/files/schemas/eml-200/stmml.xsd">
> >><!--note that the unitTypes here are taken from the
eml-unitDictionary.xml-->
> >><stmml:unit id="siemensPerMeter" name="siemensPerMeter"
unitType="conductance" abbreviation="S/m" />
> >></stmml:unitList>
> >></additionalMetadata>
> >></eml:eml>
> >>
> >>
>
>>----------------------------------------------------------------------
--
> >>
> >><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
> >><eml:eml packageId="PHP-GCEM-0302d.1.0" system="gce-lter"
xmlns:ds="eml://ecoinformatics.org/dataset-2.0.0"
xmlns:eml="eml://ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.0.0"
xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="eml://ecoinformatics.org/eml-2.0.0
http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/lter/files/schemas/eml-200/eml.xsd">
> >><dataset>
> >><title>September 2002 surface water phytoplankton productivity for
10 Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling sites</title>
> >><creator>
> >><individualName>
> >><salutation>Dr.</salutation>
> >><givenName>Robert</givenName>
> >><givenName>E.</givenName>
> >><surName>Hodson</surName>
> >></individualName>
> >><address>
> >><deliveryPoint>Dept. of Marine Sciences</deliveryPoint>
> >><deliveryPoint>University of Georgia</deliveryPoint>
> >><city>Athens</city>
> >><administrativeArea>Georgia</administrativeArea>
> >><postalCode>30602-3636</postalCode>
> >><country>USA</country>
> >></address>
> >><electronicMailAddress>rhodson at uga.edu</electronicMailAddress>
> >></creator>
> >><associatedParty>
> >><individualName>
> >><salutation>Ms.</salutation>
> >><givenName>Xiaozhen</givenName>
> >><surName>Mou</surName>
> >></individualName>
> >><address>
> >><deliveryPoint>Dept. of Marine Sciences</deliveryPoint>
> >><deliveryPoint>University of Georgia</deliveryPoint>
> >><city>Athens</city>
> >><administrativeArea>Georgia</administrativeArea>
> >><postalCode>30602-3636</postalCode>
> >><country>USA</country>
> >></address>
> >><electronicMailAddress>xiaozhen at uga.edu</electronicMailAddress>
> >><role>co-author</role>
> >></associatedParty>
> >><associatedParty>
> >><individualName>
> >><salutation>Mr.</salutation>
> >><givenName>Edward</givenName>
> >><surName>Sheppard</surName>
> >></individualName>
> >><address>
> >><deliveryPoint>Dept. of Marine Sciences</deliveryPoint>
> >><deliveryPoint>University of Georgia</deliveryPoint>
> >><city>Athens</city>
> >><administrativeArea>Georgia</administrativeArea>
> >><postalCode>30602-3636</postalCode>
> >><country>USA</country>
> >></address>
> >><electronicMailAddress>sheppard at uga.edu</electronicMailAddress>
> >><role>co-author</role>
> >></associatedParty>
> >><abstract>
> >><para>Water samples were collected by Niskin bottle or by hand from
just beneath the surface during low tide surveys at or near 10 GCE-LTER
sampling sites in September 2002. The incorporation of radiolabelled
bicarbonate in response to varying levels of illumination was measured
using a photosynthetron apparatus. Photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I)
curves constructed from these measurements will be used in conjunction
with algal biomass and PAR versus depth measurements to estimate
instantaneous gross primary production in the water at each GCE sampling
site. This study was part of the GCE-LTER hydrographic monitoring
program, and will be repeated quarterly.</para>
> >></abstract>
> >><keywordSet>
> >><keyword>GCE</keyword>
> >><keyword>LTER</keyword>
> >><keyword>Primary Production</keyword>
> >><keyword>bicarbonate</keyword>
> >><keyword>carbon</keyword>
> >><keyword>light</keyword>
> >><keyword>PAR</keyword>
> >><keyword>photosynthesis</keyword>
> >><keyword>phytoplankton</keyword>
> >><keyword>productivity</keyword>
> >></keywordSet>
> >><intellectualRights>
> >><para>All publications based on this data set must cite the
contributor and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER project, and two copies
of the manuscript must be submitted to the GCE-LTER Information
Management Office.</para>
> >></intellectualRights>
> >><distribution>
> >><online>
>
>><url>http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/lter/asp/db/dataset_details.asp?PH
P-GCEM-0302d</url>
> >></online>
> >></distribution>
> >><coverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE1 -- Eulonia, Georgia, USA.
Transitional salt marsh/upland forest site at the upper reach of the
Sapelo River near Eulonia, Georgia. The main marsh area is to the north
of the channel where the upland is controlled by DNR. Several small
creeks lie within the study area. Residential development is increasing
on the upland areas south of the channel. A hydrographic sonde is
deployed within this site attached to a private dock to the south of the
main channel near the HW-17 bridge.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.427321</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.410390</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.546173</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.535095</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE2 -- Four Mile Island,
Georgia, USA. Low salt marsh/estuary site encompassing the southwestern
end of Four Mile Island and the Sapelo River near Sapelo Sound. The
large island is totally marsh, with no upland, and no development.
Nearby areas, like "Sutherland Bluff", are developing with golf courses.
A hydrographic sonde is deployed within this site attached to channel
marker 4 (under U.S. Coast Guard permit). Salinity regime is similar to
seawater.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.320771</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.293259</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.550249</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.532138</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE3 -- North Sapelo, Sapelo
Island, Georgia, USA. High salinity marsh/Sapelo Sound site. Few or no
small creeks, but one large creek is easily accessed. Further upstream
upland drainage is affected by culvert at Reynolds' duck pond. Upland is
heavily forested. Hydrographic sonde is deployed adjacent to this site
attached to a channel marker (under U.S. Coast Guard permit). A huge mud
flat is present at the northern tip of Sapelo
Island.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.232911</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.194083</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.547261</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.515840</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE4 -- Meridian, Georgia,
USA. Inland marsh and tidal creek site near Meridian, Georgia. The
primary marsh site is to the south of the dock in front of the Sapelo
Island Visitor Center. Some small creeks and one large creek (Hudson
Creek) are present. Upland is heavily forested. Marsh to the north of
the dock can be used for additional studies if larger areas are
required. Upland to the North is being developed for residential use, so
future access is uncertain. The USGS super station site (weather station
plus multiple-sensor sonde) is deployed off the ferry dock. Salinity is
similar to seawater because there is little freshwater input from the
upland.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.370812</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.358187</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.462771</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.447213</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE5 -- Folly River, Georgia,
USA. Salt marsh/tidal creek site at the Folly River near Doboy Sound.
No upland areas present. The north side of Doboy Sound immediately
opposite is similar, but creeks are not as nice. No existing markers are
close enough for sonde deployment, so we will initially use the existing
sonde at Marsh Landing operated by UGAMI for surrogate hydrographic
data.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.354636</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.327494</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.442310</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.418161</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE6 -- Dean Creek, Sapelo
Island, Georgia, USA. Doboy Sound/salt marsh site at the southern end
of Sapelo Island near Dean Creek and the Sapelo lighthouse. A few small
creeks are present, but a large creek (Dean Creek) is easily accessed.
Upland is composed of small hammocks and some constructed causeways,
with sand dune complexes east of Dean Creek and extending to the beach.
Upper end of the watershed is affected by a culvert at Beach Road and
heavy student use of marsh immediately adjacent to culvert. A
hydrographic sonde is deployed in Doboy Sound near Commodore Island
approximately 1.5km from this site. GCE6 is also the focus of Sapelo
Island Microbial Observatory research on microbial diversity and
genomics (http://simo.marsci.uga.edu)</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.300786</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.264957</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.393522</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.371279</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE7 -- Carrs Island, Georgia,
USA. Freshwater marsh site along the northern bank of Hammersmith Creek
at the south end of Carrs Island. Upland area is heavily forested.
Northern 3/4 of the island was diked for rice agriculture, but the
southern 1/4 is undisturbed. A hydrographic sonde is deployed in the
Altamaha River near Hammersmith Creek, adjacent to this
site.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.494228</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.475991</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.349002</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.334587</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE8 -- Alligator Creek,
Georgia, USA. Mid-estuary/salt marsh site on the west side of Friday
Cap Creek along the Altamaha River. This is a brackish marsh with
salinities around 14 PSU during drought, less than 5 PSU normally. A
hydrographic sonde is deployed adjacent to this site in the Altamaha
River near Alligator Creek, attached to the US Coast Guard Daymarker 2
pilings.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.426316</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.410043</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.317771</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.303976</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE9 -- Rockdedundy Island,
Georgia, USA. Lower estuary tidal creek and marsh site at Rockdedundy
Island west of Wolf Island. A hydrographic sonde is deployed
approximately 2km from this site in the Altamaha River near Rockdedundy
Island, attached to the US Coast Guard Daymarker 201
pilings.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.346982</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.326749</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.358146</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.339162</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE10 -- Hunt Camp, Sapelo
Island, Georgia, USA. Barrier island/marsh site on western Sapelo
Island. This site is located at the upper reaches of the Duplin River,
and is within the Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve.
Existing well fields border small marsh area to northwest, some wells
have been installed to south end of hammock where marsh is more
extensive and permanent plots are located. Two existing hydrographic
sondes and weather stations within this site are operated by SINERR
(Hunt Camp dock) and UGAMI (flume dock).</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.296229</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.261288</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.497780</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.464728</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE-SP -- Sapelo River,
Georgia, USA. Sapelo River transect used for GCE quarterly hydrographic
monitoring surveys. Nominal profiling stations are defined every 3-4km
from 0km to 36km (relative to station 0km at the line of demarcation),
based on an estimated Thalweg line running up the main river
channel.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.431980</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.154122</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.559628</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.516636</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicCoverage>
> >><geographicDescription>GCE Study Site GCE-AL -- Altamaha River,
Georgia, USA. Altamaha River transect used for GCE quarterly
hydrographic monitoring surveys. Nominal profiling stations are defined
every 2km from -4km to 40km (relative to station 0km at the line of
demarcation), based on an estimated Thalweg line running up the main
river channel.</geographicDescription>
> >><boundingCoordinates>
> >><westBoundingCoordinate>-81.582311</westBoundingCoordinate>
> >><eastBoundingCoordinate>-81.237936</eastBoundingCoordinate>
> >><northBoundingCoordinate>31.401403</northBoundingCoordinate>
> >><southBoundingCoordinate>31.296034</southBoundingCoordinate>
> >></boundingCoordinates>
> >></geographicCoverage>
> >><temporalCoverage>
> >><rangeOfDates>
> >><beginDate>
> >><calendarDate>2002-09-16</calendarDate>
> >></beginDate>
> >><endDate>
> >><calendarDate>2002-09-19</calendarDate>
> >></endDate>
> >></rangeOfDates>
> >></temporalCoverage>
> >></coverage>
> >><contact><positionName>GCE-LTER Information Manager</positionName>
> >><address>
> >><deliveryPoint>Dept. of Marine Sciences</deliveryPoint>
> >><deliveryPoint>University of Georgia</deliveryPoint>
> >><city>Athens</city>
> >><administrativeArea>Georgia</administrativeArea>
> >><postalCode>30602-3636</postalCode>
> >><country>USA</country>
> >></address>
> >><electronicMailAddress>gcelter at uga.edu</electronicMailAddress>
> >></contact>
> >><methods>
> >><methodStep>
> >><description>
> >><para>Water samples from the R/V Savannah were collected
approximately 1 meter below the surface using a niskin bottle. The
water sample was then transferred to Brown 1 L Nalgene bottles. Bottles
were first rinced once with approximately 100 ml of sample water prior
to filling. Surface samples collected from the R/V Salty Dawg and
Carolina Skiff were collected by hand approximately 0.5 meters below the
surface of the water using a Brown 1 L Nalgene bottle once rinsed with
sample water.</para>
> >></description>
> >></methodStep>
> >><methodStep>
> >><description>
> >><para>The intensity of photosynthetically-available radation (PAR)
at each vial position was checked with a light meter before and after
each day's run. Prior to each sample incubation the temperature of
the circulating water batch was set to the ambient site temperature and
the cooling fan and light bulbs were checked for problems.</para>
> >></description>
> >><instrumentation>Quantum Scalar Irradiance Meter; manufacturer:
Biospherical Instruments Inc. (model: QSL 101 A1); parameter: PAR
(photosynthetically-available radiation)</instrumentation>
> >><instrumentation>Photosynthetron; manufacturer: CHPT (Composite High
Pressure Technology) (model: Custom design by Hugh MacIntyre, Horn Point
Laboratory, PO Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613)</instrumentation>
> >></methodStep>
> >><methodStep>
> >><description>
> >><para>35 ml of unfiltered sample was placed in a 50 ml polycarbonate
centrifuge tube and spiked with 50 µl of 14C bicarbonate (58 mCi/mmol;
ICN Biomedical; Catalog #17441H) using a Hamilton syringe. The tube was
then capped and the sample mixed by inverting the tube gently several
times. The spiked sample was poured into a 100 ml borosilicate beaker
and drawn up in a 50 ml Eppendorf repeating pipettor, and 1 ml was
dispensed into each of 24 sample vials (7 ml borosilicate glass
scintillation vials) and 3 total count vials (7 ml scintillation vials
containing 200 µl Phenylethylamine; Sigma Chemical Catalog #P6251). The
total count vials were capped and refrigerated, and the sample vials
were capped and placed into corresponding positions of the
Photosynthetron. The Photosynthetron was then turned on the the samples
were incubated for 1 hr. After incubation samples were uncapped, killed
with 200 µl 6N HCl, shaken for at least 2 hr t
> >>o drive off unincorporated bicarbonate, and then capped for
transport to the laboratory in Athens, Georgia. After transport, liquid
scintillation cocktail (Bio-Safe II, Research Products International)
was added to each total count and sample vial, and the activity of 14C
measured in a liquid scintillation counter (Beckman LS6500) for 5
minutes using a single-labeled 14C program.</para>
> >></description>
> >><instrumentation>Liquid Scintillation Counter; manufacturer: Beckman
(model: LS 6500); parameter: DPM (disintegrations per
minute)</instrumentation>
> >></methodStep>
> >></methods>
> >><project><title>Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Project</title>
> >><personnel>
> >><individualName>
> >><givenName>Steven</givenName>
> >><givenName>C.</givenName>
> >><surName>Pennings</surName>
> >></individualName>
> >><role>principalInvestigator</role>
> >></personnel>
> >><personnel>
> >><individualName>
> >><givenName>James</givenName>
> >><givenName>T.</givenName>
> >><surName>Hollibaugh</surName>
> >></individualName>
> >><role>principalInvestigator</role>
> >></personnel>
> >><abstract>
> >><para>We propose to establish a Long Term Ecological Research site
on the central Georgia coast in the vicinity of Sapelo Island. This is a
barrier island and marsh complex with the Altamaha River, one of the
largest and least developed rivers on the east coast of the US, as the
primary source of fresh water. The proposed study would investigate the
linkages between local and distant upland areas mediated by water -
surface water and ground water - delivery to the coastal zone. We would
explicitly examine the relationship between variability in environmental
factors driven by river flow, primarily salinity because we can measure
it at high frequency, and ecosystem processes and structure. We will
accomplish this by comparing estuary/marsh complexes separated from the
Altamaha River by one or two lagoonal estuary/marsh complexes that damp
and attenuate the river signal. This spatial gradient is analogous to
the temporal trend in riverine influence expected as a result o
> >>f development in the watershed. We will implement a monitoring
system that documents physical and biological variables and use the time
trends and spatial distributions of these variables and of their
variance structure to address questions about the factors controlling
distributions, trophic structure, diversity, and biogeochemistry. An
existing GIS-based hydrologic model will be modified to incorporate
changes in river water resulting from changes in land use patterns that
can be expected as the watershed develops. This model will be linked to
ecosystem models and will serve as an heuristic and management tool.
Another consequence of coastal development is that as river flow
decreases, groundwater flow increases and becomes nutrified. We will
compare the effects of ground water discharge from the surficial aquifer
in relatively pristine (Sapelo Island) versus more urbanized (mainland)
sites to assess the relative importance of fresh water versus nutrients
to productivity,
> s
> >>tructure and biomass turnover rate in marshes influenced by
groundwater. We will also investigate the effect of marine processes
(tides, storm surge) on mixing across the fresh/salt interface in the
surficial aquifer. Additional physical studies will relate the
morphology of salt marsh - tidal creek channel complexes to tidal
current distributions and exchange. These findings will be incorporated
into a physical model that will be coupled to an existing ecosystem
model. The land/ocean margin ecosystem lies at the interface between two
ecosystems in which distinctly different groups of decomposers control
organic matter degradation. The terrestrial ecosystem is largely
dominated by fungal decomposers, while bacterial decomposers dominate
the marine ecosystem. Both groups are important in salt marsh-dominated
ecosystems. Specific studies will examine, at the level of individual
cells and hyphae, the relationship bacteria and fungi in the consortia
that decompose standing dead
> S
> >>partina and other marsh plants and examine how, or if, this changes
along the salinity gradient.</para>
> >></abstract>
> >><funding>
> >><para>This material is based upon work supported by the National
Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement #OCE-9982133 (May 2000 to
May 2006). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations
expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.</para>
> >></funding>
> >></project>
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> >><attribute>
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> >><definition>T/T R/V Savannah (Skidaway Institute of
Oceanography)</definition>
> >></codeDefinition>
> >><codeDefinition>
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> >><definition>R/V Salty Dawg (University of Georgia)</definition>
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> >><codeDefinition>
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> >><definition>R/V Savannah inflatable run-about</definition>
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> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>Depth_Sampled</attributeName>
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> >><attributeName>Position</attributeName>
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Photosynthetron</attributeDefinition>
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> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>PAR_Intensity</attributeName>
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position</attributeDefinition>
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> >><numberType>real</numberType>
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> >><attributeDefinition>Amount/activity of 14C added to the tube (mean
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> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><customUnit>disintegrationsPerMinute</customUnit>
> >></unit>
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> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
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> >><attributeDefinition>Amount/activity of 14C incorporated during 1
hour incubation</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
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> >><ratio>
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> >></measurementScale>
> >></attribute>
> >><attribute>
> >><attributeName>CO3_Incorporated</attributeName>
> >><attributeDefinition>Amount of radiolabeled bicarbonate incorporated
during 1 hour incubation</attributeDefinition>
> >><storageType>double</storageType>
> >><measurementScale>
> >><ratio>
> >><unit>
> >><customUnit>picoMolesPerLiter</customUnit>
> >></unit>
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> >><numericDomain>
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> >></attribute>
> >></attributeList>
> >></dataTable>
> >></dataset>
> >><additionalMetadata>
> >><stmml:unitList xmlns:stmml="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema/stmml
http://gce-lter.marsci.uga.edu/lter/files/schemas/eml-200/stmml.xsd">
> >><!--note that the unitTypes here are taken from the
eml-unitDictionary.xml-->
> >><stmml:unit id="disintegrationsPerMinute"
name="disintegrationsPerMinute" unitType="radionucleotideActivity"
abbreviation="DPM" multiplierToSI="60" parentSI="becquerel" />
> >><stmml:unit id="microEinsteinsPerSquareMeterPerSecond"
name="microEinsteinsPerSquareMeterPerSecond" unitType="illuminance"
abbreviation="µE/m^2/s" />
> >><stmml:unit id="picoMolesPerLiter" name="picoMolesPerLiter"
unitType="amountOfSubstanceConcentration" abbreviation="pM"
multiplierToSI="0.000000000001" parentSI="molarity" />
> >></stmml:unitList>
> >></additionalMetadata>
> >></eml:eml>
> >>
> >>
> >
> > --
> > David Blankman
> > EML Integration Developer
> > LTER Network Office
> > 801 University, SE #104
> > Albuquerque, NM 87106
> > (505) 272-7346
> >
>
> --
> -------------------------------------------------------------------
> Matt Jones jones at nceas.ucsb.edu
> http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/ Fax: 425-920-2439 Ph: 907-789-0496
> National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
> University of California Santa Barbara
> Interested in ecological informatics? http://www.ecoinformatics.org
> -------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
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